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The Tiananmen, a gate in the wall of the Imperial City, was built in 1415 during the Ming dynasty. In the 17th century, fighting between Li Zicheng\u2019s rebel forces and the forces of the Manchu-led Qing dynasty caused heavy damage to, or even destroyed, the gate. Tiananmen Square was designed and built in 1651, and has since been enlarged by four times its original size in the 1950s.<\/p>\n
Near the centre of the square stood the \u201cGreat Ming Gate\u201d, the southern gate to the Imperial City, renamed \u201cGreat Qing Gate\u201d during the Qing dynasty, and \u201cGate of China\u201d during the Republican era. Unlike the other gates in Beijing, such as the Tiananmen and the Zhengyangmen, this was a purely ceremonial gateway, with three arches but no ramparts, similar in style to the ceremonial gateways found in the Ming tombs.<\/p>\n
This gate had a special status as the \u201cGate of the Nation\u201d, as can be seen from its successive names. It normally remained closed, except when the Emperor passed through. Commoner traffic was diverted to side gates at the western and eastern ends of the square, respectively. Because of this diversion in traffic, a busy marketplace, called \u201cChess Grid Streets\u201d, was developed in the big, fenced square to the south of this gate.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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